Vitruvius’ architectural theory centers on the “principle of emulating the human form in architectural design”. In alignment with the doctrine of imitation in artistic creation, Vitruvius formulated an abstract idealized human body as the archetype for architecture to replicate. This concept was influenced by the Hellenistic era’s “theory of the unity of knowledge”, where the ideal human body symbolized the rational soul shared by both gods and humans. The fundamental characteristics of human body proportions were grounded in precise numerical relationships, while the circular and square contours of human limbs were representative of the cosmic order. As a result of this emulation, symmetry in architecture also assumed attributes akin to the ideal human body. Vitruvius, building upon this foundation and in harmony with the scientific theories of his era, established architecture in the classical scientific context.